Thursday, January 30, 2020
The Ottoman Empire Paper Essay Example for Free
The Ottoman Empire Paper Essay The Ottoman Empire was one of the ancient yet one of the most powerful and influential world empires. The history of this empire begins sometimes during the 13th century. In their bid to enlarge their territory they took no consideration to any limits or boundaries be it religious, tribal or otherwise. This empire is also viewed as one of the civilized empires of the modern times. The empire was more of a military administration than a state. The empire is considered to have lasted a considerably longer time than any other empire.  The rulers of this empire were known as Sultans or Hunkar or Emperors and were all Islam. Suleyman the Great was the Sultan who ruled the longest while Amurath ruled for only three months making him the shortest ruling sultan.            The sultans always emerged from the Ottoman family who were strict followers of the Quran. Honesty, hard work and charity were principles that led the Ottoman Empire. Sermons were always read in the name of the reigning Sultan at that time. Any property belonging to the Sultan was known as Royal or imperial.            Having discussed that much on the establishment and general history of the Ottoman of the empire, it is of utmost importance to now look at the empire more critically and find out impacts of the Ottoman Empire especially on the Umma Muslims.            Though the Ottoman Empire was one of the most powerful and civilized ancient empires of the world, it also had its weak points during its reign. This paper specifically focuses on some of those weak points and particularly the mismanagement that was witnessed when the empire was in power leading to division among the Umma Muslims. A critical analysis of the Ottoman Empire reveals various setbacks that the dynasty experienced and this affected directly or indirectly the unity of the Ottoman Muslims. According to the traditions of the Ottoman Empire, when a Sultan died one of his sons would become the next Sultan. However there were no proper strategies as to who would become the next Sultan. There was therefore no clear criterion of selecting a Sultan. This led to bloodshed as the one who eventually emerged victorious had to eliminate his rivals for order and calmness to prevail. This obviously went against the teachings of the Muslim religion. Some Muslims supported the method while others were totally opposed to it as it contravened the teachings of the Holy Quran. This led to division among the Muslims.            Another issue that led to the division of the Umma Muslims was the level of respect accorded to the sultans. The Sultans were almost equated to Allah the God of the Muslims. For instance during prayers sermons were read in the name of the current Sultan. Some Muslims however felt that this was blasphemous because ordinarily sermons were supposed to be read in the name of Allah the Mighty one. This therefore led to division among Muslims thereby breaking the unity between them.            As discussed earlier Sultan Suleyman served for 40 years and therefore goes down the history of books as the longest serving Sultan.  The major role of the Sultan was to ensure that justice and fairness was exercised. Cases of injustice were rare as the Sultan made sure that the laws were followed to the letter. Any injustice and unfairness called for the direct intervention of the Sultan. Scholars and theologians believe that one of the reasons why the Ottoman dynasty declined and eventually collapsed was because the Sultans who succeeded Sultan Suleyman were not keen on protecting the interests of the citizens in terms of justice. The neglect by their leaders led to Umma Muslims to lack loyalty for their leaders and thereby there was disunity among them.            When Sultan died his son Selim II took over the leadership of the dynasty. His behavior was absolutely intolerable and contributed a great deal in causing disunity among the Muslims. He was an addict of alcohol and would spend most of his days drinking therefore forgetting his administrative role. He was also a lover of women and a sex addict vices that are heavily condemned in the Holy Quran. Due to his negligent nature, he completely disengaged himself from making decisions that affected the common people directly or indirectly. This made the Muslims to be disloyal to the Sultan and thereby led to a lot of division. As a consequence the Ottoman dynasty came tumbling down marking the end of the great dynasty. (Paul, 1971)            At the end of the sixteen century Ottoman was still a very strong dynasty and influential too. However the Sultan style of leadership was slowly becoming unpopular thus losing ground. In its place was the bureaucratic power method of ruling. However this method of power was actually the pathway to the decline and collapse of the world’s most influential empire.  This was so because bureaucracy led to corruption neglecting the needs and interests of the people. As a result, there was a lot of unpopularity of the government among the common people. This led to division among the Muslims and eventually the dynasty collapsed. (Leslie, 2003)            Historians also believe that another major contribution to disunity among the Ottoman Muslims was inequality by successors of Sultan Suleiyman. As discussed earlier during the reign of Sultan Suleiyman the Central government was accessible so that any person who had grievances would present them before the leaders. However with the change of leaders, the new leaders ranked themselves so highly that they were not accessible. The Muslims lost faith in their leaders; consequently there was disunity and eventual collapse of the dynasty. The leaders promoted people to power without using the right criteria. There was gross unfairness and this brought about strife among the common people. This in turn led to divisions among the Muslims as some felt that they were discriminated against in their own country. At some point the leaders exuded high level of negligence as far as matters pertaining people were concerned. The common people revolted and as a result there was disunity. This led to internal attacks.            Another major issue that brought about division due to poor management of power by the leaders was the issue of succession upon the death of a Sultan. As already discussed if the deceased Sultan was without an heir or that he had several sons there was stiff contest that always led to bloodshed. Scholars strongly believe that this may have played a major role in division of the Umma and the eventual collapse of the kingdom.            A notable distinction between the Ottoman Empire and other empires was that they were during the Ottoman Empire there was freedom especially for the non-Muslims to practice their own religion. This brought division among the Muslims as some felt that other religions were equated to their religion and this they found to be very offensive. As a result there were massacres and discrimination.  This led to a great division among the Muslims most of whom felt that though no religion should be equated with the Muslim religion Massacre was a sin as it contravened the Holy Quran.            There was also an element of divide and rule that leaders in power used in attempt to gain popularity. The leaders would therefore incite the people against their own. The people fought each other over small disputes but this was the plan of the leaders in order to rule them more easily. This was a great power mismanagement that saw the Muslims divide into big factions depending on whose side they actually belonged. (Shaw, 1977)            There was great self-centeredness and selfishness among the leaders which again brought division. This was especially so when it came to sharing of resources. There was unfair sharing and distribution of resources that brought hatred and thus division among the Muslims. The leaders only considered themselves and their families forgetting the rest of the people. Some people felt sidelined and as a result there were factions and consequently these groupings led to division among the Umma Muslims.            Another challenge that the Ottoman Empire faced was classification of Muslims. The Shia Muslims, the Umma and other classifications. Every class felt that they dominated the rest. This again brought about division because all classes of Muslims felt that they would want to be considered superior to the rest. This eventually brought about division among the Muslims as no group agreed to be treated as lesser of the other. The major division came about when some groups demanded that the rest of the groups must convert and become one of their own.            Division also arose when the dynasty made arrangements to fight other kingdoms. The empire could not reach an agreement as to who would go to the war. This again brought division because those not selected felt that they were not given an opportunity to fight for themselves thus there were differences on these grounds.            There is also clear mismanagement of the empire by the leaders when they did not give ample protection to their own. Most of the promises made by their leaders were never fulfilled or honored. The leaders who took after Suleiman put their interests first and forgot the people. The people were neglected and those who were treated well were just a small group. This discrimination resulted to obvious indifferences thereby there was disunity among people who were once united.(Donald,2005) As discussed earlier, after the death of sultan Suleyman, so many things changed. Corruption was very rampant especially when it came to provision of basic social amenities to the people. Services that were normally offered free had to be paid for and as result there was agitation and revolt among the people leading to division.            There was a gross alteration of rules, laws and policies that governed the people. The leaders made alterations in their favor. The common people were very disappointed and began to rebel. The rebellions and revolts ended up in bringing divisions among the once united Umma Muslims community.            The other major cause of rift was education in that there are those who were provided with good quality education while the rest could only access the traditional education. This in turn was reflected in terms of development so that those with high quality education were seen to develop more than the rest. This led to social classification and thereby division.            From the various issues discussed it is very clear that decline and eventual collapse of the Ottoman kingdom was caused by issues affecting them internally and not attacks and conquest by Europe and other world powers. It is the mismanagement by their leaders that led to the division of the Umma Muslims and finally the most powerful and influential dynasty in the ancient times collapsed. Works Cited Quartaert Donald. The Ottoman Empire. London, Cambridge University Press, 2005 Peirce Leslie. Law and Gender in the Ottoman Court, New York. University of California Press, 2003 Shaw Stanford. History of the Ottoman Empire. London, Cambridge University Press, 1977 Wittek Paul. Rise of the Ottoman Empire, Turkey, B. Franklin, 1971
Tuesday, January 21, 2020
Gertrude Stein :: essays research papers fc
Gertrude Stein      â€Å"I know I am†(Burnett 51). This response form Gertrude Stein was given in answer to the question â€Å"You think you are a genius?†posed to her by the French artist Henri Matisse. This was the epitome of Stein.      Born in 1876, in Allegheny, Pennsylvania, Gertrude was the fifth child, and youngest, to Daniel and Amelia Stein, German-Jewish immigrants. She was a bright girl, but was noted for â€Å"her lifelong indifference to rules†(Gombar 41), especially in school. The early death of her mother was the cause of this. Her father was the king of his castle, often acting as a tyrant, and Stein â€Å"credited her lifelong aversion to all authorities and father figures†(Gombar 41) to him.      Gertrude always had a close relationship to her older brother, Leo. They were fast friends throughout their childhood, and into their adulthood. Though she had completed few years of high school, and did not meet the requirements in Latin, when Leo attended Harvard in 1892, Gertrude followed in 1893, in the women’s Harvard Annex. While at Harvard, she was taken under the wing of noted psychoanalyst, William James. James had an effect on Stein’s later writings as well. His method of â€Å"automatic writing, in which subjects wrote down their unedited, free-associative thoughts†(Gombar 42), was often the way Gertrude wrote many of her literary pieces. In 1897, she was denied her bachelor’s degree, but the next year, she graduated magna cum laude with the class of 1898. Because of high recommendations from James and her other professors, she was granted admission to Johns Hopkins Medical School, where her brother was also studying. They lived together in Baltimore, and Leo would gather friends on the weekends for their infamous salons. Leo, from his familiar post leaning against the bookcase, would direct discussions that lasted five to six hours. Life was pleasant in their household, and Gertrude failed to notice Leo was changing. Within weeks, he was packed and on his way to Europe. For a while, Gertrude lived with another roommate, but she, too, got restless, and in 1903, she joined Leo in Europe. After traveling in Europe and Africa, she settled with Leo in France. Their apartment at 27 rue de Fleurus was soon filled with paintings by the new Modernists, such as Pablo Picasso, Paul Cà ©zanne, and Henri Matisse. Being among the first to accept the Modernist paintings, Gertrude and Leo became friends with the artists.
Monday, January 13, 2020
Problem or Success of Implementing Tourism Essay
The problem that has face by the owner of the Salak Denai Chalet is promotion to promote their service. They only promote their service via customer, facebook and blog only. But, facebook and blog not actively yet. Besides, the chalet that they build was doesn’t have a plan and Majlis Daerah Yan was issued a summons to their business. Then, they had to spend a lot of money to hire the architect to draw plan to settle the problem with Majlis Daerah Yan. Besides, they have a lot of competition with other chalet around there that they was provided a better service and comfortable place to the customer. Sustainable and environmental affects towards project In every chalet at Salak Denai,its has their own pool. Only a river water of Batu Hampar that use to fill the pool. Besides, the owner of the chalet not use a chlorine to maintain the water cleaning. The owner of the chalet still preserve the natural condition of the forest. He always make sure that the area of surrounding was clean. The strength and success story of project The strength and success of project is Salak Denai has a five chalet with every chalet has their own pool. This success of project can was attracted the customer to rent the chalet. This chalet give more privacy to the customer when they want to picnic with their family.The owner of the chalet is more concern about the ‘aurat’ of the muslim and he was highlighted this project in his business. So, the customer do not have to worried anymore about the ‘aurat’ of their family because they get more privacy to swimming. This chalet become popular after he was organized his daughter wedding ceremony here. Now, every weekend and public holiday, this chalet was fully booked until March 2013. Only the weekday has no reservation from customer. Proposed new marketing plan As we know, this chalet was fully booked every weekend until March 2013. So, the owner must have a plan to build more chalet to accommodate the demand of the customer towards this chalet. In addition, the owner shall register the service with the minister of tourism so that all tourists can get information about the activities of Salak Denai chalet easily. Besides that ,owner must actively involve in the social network to promote the service The annual update about the info always like put pictures chalets along the information, update new-items added to the chalet and put the best service to compete with the newar chalets. How tourism can contribute to environmental conservation Salak Denai chalet use travel system which can preserve the natural condition such as using natural river water flowing into the pond in the chalet, built a house with the original wood from the trees and so on. Futhermore , owner of Salak Denai chalet not use substance can pollute the nature condition in that chalet area.
Sunday, January 5, 2020
Essay on Hispanic and Latino Spirituality - 718 Words
Hispanic and Latino Spirituality Crystal Davila ENG 301 American Ethnic Literature University of Phoenix Julie Kares October 22, 2012 Hispanic and Latino Spirituality Throughout our life’s each day we communicate with each other through the exchange of information. Our verbal and nonverbal communication skills are used to process this information. Speaking, listening, and body language are our ability to understand the meaning of communication that we develop throughout our lives. This brings me to understand why we develop new things every day and learn the reasons for different things. However, in the Hispanic/Latino literature they express spirituality, magic, and myth play as an important role in their literature. For†¦show more content†¦However, as Americans we are able to turn to what we have learned growing up. Once we are born our family, siblings, and our own culture influence us. We are bought up with certain beliefs and traditions. However, I do think that culture does influences how people are permitted to be expressed and how they are perceived. As for social experience people react to different experience in different ways. If someone has been in a certain situation I believe they learn from that experience. This brings me to the certain unfairness, stereotypes, and myths about Hispanic/Latino culture. While growing up we experience some of these types of situations. When we think about a Hispanic/Latino person we think about tamales, tacos, rice and beans which is a stereotype. However, Susie Jans-Thomas wrote Beyond Tamales, Tacos, and Our Southern Neighbors: Exploring Latino Culture in Child and Young Adult Literature to show that there is more to them then just those expressions. I believe we have all experienced or witnessed racism, power abuse, and felt lost in one point of our lives. This just shows that we need to try to work harder and together more. Therefore, I do believe I am a better person today because I came from such a loving family. This is something that families are missing throughout the world and that is love, religion, and quality time with loved ones. To me this is why the world is becoming the way it is because there are so many people who do not care orShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Immigration On The New Country1280 Words  | 6 Pages III. Literature Review Amongst current events, immigration is one of the hotly debated topics of today. It’s will be a determining factor in the current U.S. presidential race. Hispanic/Latino immigrants are one of the fastest growing demographics in our populations and consideration of political value due to their impact on and to the economy. Their ethnicity makes them the subject of random criticism and plays a role in how well they assimilate into the US. How they are perceived and treatedRead MoreIs Obamacare Affordable Healthcare For 6 Million Latinos1663 Words  | 7 PagesAccording to the popular media report issued by CNN, latinos in general, have been struggling to find help for mental health issues amongst their ever growing population (Rodriguez, 2013). Even though Obamacare ensures affordable healthcare for 6 million latinos, it’s still not enough for the hispanic community who are suffering from mental illness to seek help (Rodriguez, 2013). The major fear in the latino c ommunity is the fact of being stigmatized when obtaining help from mental institutions andRead More Compare and Contrast Hispanic Culture and American Culture Essay example1403 Words  | 6 PagesCompare and Contrast Between Hispanic Culture and American Culture I. Introduction The Hispanic population has experienced an incredible growth in the past decade in the United States of America. In 2006 it was estimated that the Hispanic cover 11 % of the population in North America. Their Origin is in Mexico and the few Spanish speaking countries in the Caribbean. American culture is derived from people who originated from the European nations like Italy and the Great Britain. Cultural identityRead MoreLatino Culture Related to Purnell Model1750 Words  | 7 PagesLatino Culture Related To Purnell Model NSG 3069 Norfolk State University Twelve Domains in Purnell Model Cultural competence is the ability to interact well with people of different cultural backgrounds (Rundle, 2002). It provides the best ways of meeting the needs of diverse patient population which is always on the increase, as well as ways of effectively advocating for them. This means that cultural competence has the benefit of enabling nurses to deliver servicesRead MoreThe Mexican American Hispanic Patient1575 Words  | 7 Pagespatients whom they serve. Because there are significant barriers to health care for Hispanics, particularly those that are Mexican-American, in order to provide culturally competent care, the professional nurse must implement effective communication, convey respect to the patient, and take a thorough health history from each patient. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the background of the Mexican-American Hispanic patient, compare and contrast their culture to the culture of those that work inRead MoreHeritage Assessment968 Words  | 4 Pagesall healthcare providers to be client centered and culturally competent. Increasing diversity of the United States population is a reality in the 21st century. â€Å"The Census 2000 indicates that one out of four persons in the US are non-Whites with Hispanic Americans constituting the largest and fastest growing minority group.†(Sankaran, 2007) The heritage assessment tool provides insight into the culture of the individual client. The awareness of language and religion promote continuity in healthcareRead MoreEvaluation Of A Professional Social Worker Student Essay1564 Words  | 7 Pagesstay home mom so that she can parent Pia and care for the family’s three dogs who lives in the family’s back yard in a mid-size dog pen. Arciniega, Anderson, Tovar-Blank, Tracey, (2008) and Mayo and Resnick (1996) pointed out that machismo among Latino men typically involves the domination of women, who are viewed as responsible for raising children and serving men Pia’s mother Saniya was the only parent present during the observation. Writer was unsure of how to conduct this analysis and wantedRead MoreThe And Early Termination Of Mental Health Services For Latinos1460 Words  | 6 PagesIntegrative Practice Underutilization and early termination of mental health services for Latinos in the U.S continues to be a concern for current research and practice in social work. A synthesis of current research demonstrates that there are several factors impacting access and utilization of mental health services for Latinos. According to U.S Department of Health and Human Services (2001), although Latinos are at increased vulnerability for developing mental illness, they continue to be half asRead MoreHispanic Cultures And The United States Of America1325 Words  | 6 PagesI. Introduction Hispanic cultures and population has experienced an immense growth in the past decade in the United States of America. In 2010 it is estimated that Hispanics cover 16 % of the population in The United States of America. A significant majority of Hispanics origin is in Mexico and the few Spanish speaking countries in the Caribbean. American culture is based from people who came from the European countries like Italy and the Great Britain. Cultural diversity is very important for everyRead MoreCultural Diversity and Health Traditions Essay1628 Words  | 7 Pagesillness. Culture-specific care is a vital skill to the modern nurse, as the United States continues to consist of many immigrants who have become assimilated into one culture. I interviewed three families of different cultures: - Indian (my culture), Hispanic and Chinese. Let us see the differences in health traditions between these cultures. Common Health Traditions in Indian Culture Some common health traditions based on my culture include the use of Unani Medicine, Ayurveda, Siddha, Yoga, Naturopathy
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)